Pigs in ancient Israel

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Not everybody living in Israel at that time was Jewish. The country had been mostly ruled by Greeks since 333 BC, and then by Romans since the mid first century BC. As this was quite recent, this resulted in a real polyglot mix of people, with Greeks performing much of the upper-class administration duties, while the soldiers were Roman. It is generally argued today that a carpenter of the time, such as Jesus' father is said to have been, would likely have found most of his work from richer folk in the nearby Greek settlements, rather than in a backwater Jewsh town like Nazareth.

Greeks and Romans did not share the Jew's taboos about pork, and in fact found it quite tasty. Workers like swineherds (and carpenters) would obviously need to be employed nearby to keep them supplied.

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