How did philosophical and scientific knowledge in Christian Europe in 1085 compare to the body of knowledge contained in the library of Toledo?
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The volume of information in the libraries of Andalusian Spain (Toledo, Cordoba and Granada) truly dwarfed what was available in most of Christendom at the time. Andalusian libraries and their affiliated network of local suppliers:
churned out as many as 60,000 treatises, poems, polemics and compilations a year. [...] This level of industry was in sharp contrast to the knowledge production underway throughout much of Christendom, where during the same period the two largest libraries (Avignon and Sorbonne) contained at most 2000 volumes as late as 1150. (source, available on sci-hub)
If we take Sapolsky to mean Western Christendom, his comparison is clearly accurate. However, as mentioned in the comments, it is feasible that the libraries of Byzantium may have rivaled those of Moorish Andalusia. I'm not seeing good numbers with which to make that comparison.
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It is almost impossible to know exactly how many textual works were compiled within Medieval Libraries; one can only offer speculations and theories, due to the lack of primary historical evidence.
We know that Libraries did exist in Medieval Spain, both in Toledo, as well as Cordoba. Constantinople had its own imperial Library which stood for centuries, though it was destroyed by The Crusaders in 1204.
The Sorbonne/University of Paris had its own Library though its collections, when compared with the Library of Toledo, as well as the imperial Library of Constantinople, were probably much smaller-(it should be noted that Thomas Aquinas, taught at The University of Paris). Keep in mind that Paris, 800-900 years ago, was not the Paris of today. The economic wealth, political power and overall cultural sophistication of Medieval Paris, was a far cry from the economic wealth, political power and overall cultural sophistication of Modern and contemporary Paris. During the Middle Ages-(even during Aquinas' time, circa the 1200's), The Sorbonne/University of Paris would not have had the large financial resources, political power or sizable supply of Academics, Scholars, Librarians and Translators when compared with their Byzantine and especially, their Iberian counterparts. Cities, such as Constantinople, Cordoba (and perhaps Toledo), were, arguably, the Paris of the Middle Ages.
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