How was the term 'The Cross' understood by the audience of Jesus? (Catholic perspective)
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John 6:60 New International Version
On hearing it, many of his disciples said, "This is a hard teaching. Who can accept it?"
Matthew 13:
10 The disciples came to him and asked, “Why do you speak to the people in parables?” 11 He replied, “Because the knowledge of the secrets of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them.
We don't know for sure, but Jesus had a reputation for speaking "hard sayings" and parables. The Cross was a well known method of both execution and torture. It was usually given to rebels and other notorious criminals. So I propose that the disciples might have understood it in a literal fashion. That following Christ might lead them to an end where they would share that fate, or in a more metaphorical sense that people who followed him would have to face suffering of various kinds.
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