Does the term 'lost' define a group eternally damned?
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Short answer
No. "lost" defines a group abandoned by the bad shepherds, the group that Jesus (who is the Good shepherd) came to find.
Longer answer
In the Bible, the term "lost" is usually used to refer to those that are temporarily lost due to bad shepherds (Ez 34:1-10). Thus Jesus came to be a Good Shepherd who looks for those scattered sheep and gathers them to His Kingdom to fulfill the prophecy in Ez 34:11-24, as described in @curiousdannii's answer to your other question.
These are some other OT references to "lost sheep", which also means the "temporarily lost", which Jesus will seek and save:
- Ps 119:176:
I have gone astray like a lost sheep; seek your servant, for I do not forget your commandments.
- Jer 50:6:
“My people have been lost sheep. Their shepherds have led them astray, turning them away on the mountains. From mountain to hill they have gone. They have forgotten their fold.
But the group that is eternally lost (separated from the good sheep on the Day of Judgment) is usually called by a different term:
- The wicked or the sinners (Ps 1:5):
"Therefore the wicked will not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous;"
- The evil as in the Parable of the Net (Matt 13:47-50):
49 So it will be at the end of the age. The angels will come out and separate the evil from the righteous.
- The weeds as in the Parable of the Weeds (Matt 13:36-43):
40 Just as the weeds are gathered and burned with fire, so will it be at the end of the age.
- The goats as in the Final Judgment passage in Matt 25:31-46:
32 Before him will be gathered all the nations, and he will separate people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 And he will place the sheep on his right, but the goats on the left. ... 41 “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.
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