Following the Doctrine in Council of Trent, does God give a soul to human at conception deprived of sanctifying grace?
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St. Thomas Aquinas writes in Summa Theologica I-II q. 81 a. 1 ad 2:
Although the soul is not transmitted, because the power in the s*m*n is not able to cause the rational soul [cf. I q. 118 a. 2], nevertheless the motion of the s*m*n is a disposition to the transmission of the rational soul [which God creates ex nihilo]: so that the s*m*n by its own power transmits the human nature from parent to child, and with that nature, the stain which infects it
So, it's the human nature (body+soul composite) that is infected, and s*m*n is only an instrumental cause of bringing about a particular human nature. The corrupted body infects the soul, the rational soul being "the subject of sin" (ibid. arg. 2).
This will shed some light on your question:
- Pedro Lumbreras O.P., "Saint Thomas and the Immaculate Conception," Homiletic and Pastoral Review 24, no. 3 (1923): 253-63.
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