Just what does Infant Baptism accomplish as regards Original Sin?

score:6

Accepted answer

The Catechism of the Council of Trent (Roman Catechism) lists 5 effects of the sacrament of baptism:

  1. Remission of sin
  2. Remission of all punishment due to sin
  3. Grace of regeneration
  4. Infused virtues and incorporation with Christ
  5. Character of Christian

"what keeps immediate re-infection of the soul from happening" after baptism?

Concupiscence remains after baptism, but it is not sin (cf. the ยง "Concupiscence Which Remains After Baptism Is No Sin" where the Catechism describes the first effect of baptism).

Council of Trent, session 5:

  1. If any one denies, that, by the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, which is conferred in baptism, the guilt of original sin is remitted [โ€ฆ] let him be anathema.
    [โ€ฆ]
    this holy synod confesses and is sensible, that in the baptized there remains concupiscence, or an incentive (to sin); which, whereas it is left for our exercise, can not injure those who consent not, but resist manfully by the grace of Jesus Christ; yea, he who shall have striven lawfully shall be crowned. (2 Tim. ii. 5). This concupiscence, which the apostle sometimes calls sin (Rom. vi. 12; vii. 8), the holy Synod declares that the Catholic Church has never understood it to be called sin, as being truly and properly sin in those born again, but because it is of sin, and inclines to sin. And if any one is of a contrary sentiment, let him be anathema.

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