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Am I excommunicated or is all I need to do to go to confession to return to good standing in the Church?
No way. The excommunication is automatic only for some very special kind of sins, and only a Bishop can perform an "expicit" excommunication.
Anyway, your sin may be forgiven as any other sin, in the usual ways and under the same conditions.
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Can a Catholic priest excommunicate someone ...
There are two types of excommunication:
One type is done automatically if you have committed certain kinds of sin. One example would be if you are involved in an abortion.
If you commit such kind of sin, you are excommunicated even if nobody but you knows about the sin and even if you don't know that you are excommunicated.
The other type is a decision of a bishop. The bishop can decide to excommunicate you if you have done certain kinds of sin.
As far as I know, having a family without being married is neither a sin that automatically leads to an excommunication, nor a sin that allows your bishop to excommunicate you.
An ordinary priest is not allowed to excommunicate you.
However, if he knows that you committed some kind of sin that automatically leads to an excommunication and therefore you are already excommunicated, he might inform you about that fact.
Not knowing exactly what you did and what you didn't do, nobody here can tell you if you are really excommunicated or not.
One very important point that I cannot understand in your question is if your baby was aborted or if it was born and is alive today. And if it was aborted, if you agreed or if you were forced to have that done against your will...
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My son is alive now at age 49. I chose to give birth and love him unconditionally.
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Talk to a Priest. As far as I know marrying outside the Church is invalid but does not incurr automatic excommunication. You would not be able to receive Holy Communion, and I suspect that you may be confusing the two
Even if you are excommunicated your excommunication can be lifted. Again a chat with a Priest, or an appointment for Confession would be the place to start.
It does not seem like your marriages were valid, a Catholic has to marry in the Church or receive a dispensation. This is good news because you can get a decree of nullity for your previous marriages and convalidate your current one. That, and a good Confession should allow you to receive Holy Communion, assuming that you are not excommunicated or that if you are it has been lifted. Again a chat with a Priest should point you in the right direction to get the process started.