How do we get morals?

This isn't a complete answer, but I think that because humans have free will, certain parts of what is moral and immoral are situational. While we are provided guidelines from the old Law and then in the person of Christ, these guidelines do not form a complete moral law. The rest, provided it does not go against the basis, must be built by the Christians according to their situation.

A few thoughts are

• Consequences of actions are important, and these include eternal consequences
• We do not always know the full consequence of an action
• Immoral acts are sometimes 'hand-waved' for the sake of mercy, but this does not make the act permissable
• There is a hierarchy of values, the highest of which seems to be 'obedience to God' (see the conflict that happens in the Garden of Gethsemane.)

The Euthypro dilemma has bearing on this question. Generally the Christian view has been that we should base our morality not on anything God has arbitrally commanded but rather on Gods character.

We should not lie because God cannot lie.

Titus 1:2 >> New American Standard Bible (©1995) in the hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised long ages ago...

He is the moral standard to which we all should strive.

God has given us a set of guidelines in the Old Testament and solidified them into morals in the New Testament.

In the OT we get things like "Do not commit adultery". But then along comes Jesus and he says something that completely throws the old rules on its head:

Matthew 5:27-28

27 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ 28 But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.

He completely topples the old regime and institutes a law of the heart: a law of morality.

God actually told Israel that this would happen in the Old Testament:

Hebrews 8:8-10 (NIV)

⁸ But God found fault with the people and said:
   “The days are coming, declares the Lord,
   when I will make a new covenant
with the people of Israel
   and with the people of Judah.
⁹ It will not be like the covenant
   I made with their ancestors
when I took them by the hand
   to lead them out of Egypt,
because they did not remain faithful to my covenant,
   and I turned away from them,
            declares the Lord.
¹⁰ This is the covenant I will establish with the people of Israel
   after that time, declares the Lord.
I will put my laws in their minds
   and write them on their hearts.
I will be their God,
   and they will be my people.

Here, he's saying that his old covenant will pass away and that the new covenant will be one that is written on the hearts of man.

He is declaring that the day will come when his laws will not be ones of ink and stone, but ones of the heart: moral laws.

So, how does God give us the ability to know right from wrong? He has written those laws on our hearts.

Without God, there would be no morality. The bible is quite clear on this.

If you are asking how is morality defined, or "who decides what is moral and immoral?" then Christians believe that God decides that, and that He makes His will known to us through various means, like the Bible, tradition, revelation, prophets, etc. Various Christian religions dissent on the exact details here.

If you are asking how people become moral, then a big, big part of morality comes from education, from family, society, etc. Morality is certainly taught and Christ is described as a teacher very clearly in the Gospels.

Its also quite evident if you look at different Faiths. Muslims truly consider immoral to eat pigs, whereas Christians wouldn't flinch. If morals were innate we would all share the same morality, which we clearly don't.