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My attempt at answering the question:
In general the God created time and He is not constrained by time. That means the God is able to see the entire "time" at once, the same way we can take a physical object and look at it from different angles. That doesn't mean that "time" is erased - God has a perfect outlook on time.
Humans have both animal nature (body, which is constrained by time) and spiritual nature. After one dies, only the spiritual part remains. It is possible that then we will also have some aspects of that "perfect" outlook on time as God when we are not burdened by physical bodies.
That also means without a body we are not able to change ourselves (because time is required for us to make changes in ourselves) and our last chance to make any decisions and turn our fate around will happen during the Final Judgement, when we will receive new bodies (see: Philippians 3:20-21).
Also my opinion as an additional comment:
I think answering such questions in a clear way is impossible, because: we would have to understand what exactly time is and how it works - and to do so we would have to be able to observe the time from a higher dimension (which is impossible for us - creating a mathematical model is not the same as an empirical understanding). Paul The Apostle had a clear glimpse of the afterlife / spiritual side of life (see: Corinthians) and tried to explain what he experienced using human words and terms and deemed that also was impossible ("Corinthians 2:13: We also speak these things, not in words taught by human wisdom, but in those taught by the Spirit, combining spiritual thoughts with spiritual words."). So all that suggests we can debate what afterlife looks like (as Schmemann does), but in the end Bible suggests that we won't find answers to such questions (because our physical bodies do not have the tools and capabilities required to describe them), so most likely you won't find a clear explanation anywhere.