What are great forty?

Upvote:-1

I read MN 117 as follows:

  • 10 wholesome factors by developing (good) and abandoning (bad) = 20 wholesome
  • 10 unwholesome factors by developing (bad) and abandoning (good) = 20 unwholesome

https://dhammawheel.com/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=22062&p=485161&hilit=forty#p485161

Upvote:1

Following 10 factors

  1. view
  2. intention
  3. speech
  4. action
  5. livelihood
  6. effort
  7. mindfulness
  8. concentration
  9. knowledge
  10. liberation

are expanded 4 ways as:

  1. right [view, intention, ..., liberation]
  2. wrong [view, intention, ..., liberation]
  3. wholesome state from the right [view, intention, ..., liberation]
  4. unwholesome state from the wrong [view, intention, ..., liberation]

The 20 factors on the unwholesome side are the 10 wrong factors and the unwholesome states that originate from each. The 20 factors on the wholesome side are the 10 right factors and the wholesome states that originate from each

Maha CattarΔ«saka Sutta

Upvote:4

In one of (R.1.1) right view, wrong view (W.1.1) is abolished and the many evil unwholesome states (W.1.2) that originate with wrong view as condition are also abolished, and the (R.1.2) many wholesome states that originate with right view as condition come to fulfilment by development .... In one of (R.10.1) right deliverance, wrong deliverance (W.10.1) is abolished, and the many evil unwholesome states (W.10.2) that originate with wrong deliverance as condition are also abolished, and the (R.10.2) many wholesome states that originate with right deliverance as condition come to fulfilment by development.

Thus, bhikkhus, there are twenty factors on the side of the wholesome and twenty factors on the side of the unwholesome.

10 right factors + 10 wholesome states originating from 10 right factors + 10 wrong factors + 10 unwholesome states originating from 10 wrong factors = 40

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