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Most countries around the world have rules related how much time you must have before your passport expires when entering a country for a temporary visit. In most cases this will be either 3 or 6 months validity remaining, normally counted from the time you intend to leave the country.
Specifically for your trip, this is true for all Schengen countries, so you will not be able to make it to Poland without first obtaining a new passport - presuming that you do not hold a passport for a country from the EU (which obviously does not include the UK).