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As long as you understand that you're coming from a place of prividlege to be able to choose to be there, and know how to stay out of the way or provide help as asked, there are absolutely places where you would be able to experience a taste of what's going on with putting yourself or others in danger.
Noboarder network has information about the situation and organizes volunteer events and camps for awareness. I would suggest trying to find such an event or getting in contact with some of the network members.
Traskirchen is home to an immigration detention facility, a bit outside of Vienna in Lower Austria. It has a strong local volunteer community providing grass roots help and political assistance to asylum seekers and refugees. While it's day release detention facility and not a camp, there have been refugees who refused to continue spending the night in the extremely overcrowded facility and have left to protest policies that push them, despite documented human rights violations, back to places like Hungary where they first entered the Schengen Zone. These people have been staying in camps of outside a Viennese church sympathetic to the cause. (Austrian Public Broadcasting's FM4 occasionally reports on the situation, sometimes in English.)