score:4
You should have left the money in your bank account and have gotten it transfered when you have your Dutch bank account opened, without ever touching the money.
But yes, you can pay in β¬500 notes, certainly into your own bank account. They will ask for your passport, make note of the number and maybe even take a photo copy of it.
And each of the bank notes will be tested, likely first by the teller when you hand it in, secondly likely in a back room by people who are more specialized. If the money is real, no problem. It is when the notes are not proven real that you may get into trouble. Losing the value is the least, if they suspect you of intentionally paying with falsified money you can have to face prosecution. Jail time is possible as well.
Which is why I started with the advise not to travel with the notes.