score:1
single adult women can apply individually for Turkish visa .Turkey is a Muslim country and its requirement is different from most Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia where women cannot apply individually .Turkey nowadays adapting same visa procedure like most EU countries do. Answer to your second question a friend of mine last year application was rejected from Karachi and he said they placed a consulate stamp and date on the very last page so presumably they would stamp your passport. however obtaining a Turkish visa is a lot easier compare to western countries. Just comply with the requirements and you will have good chance getting the visa