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You are in a slightly different situation than the Vienna/Frankfurt question as you will not take any flight between two Schengen airports. The fact that you are not taking a flight between Amsterdam and Paris but only stopping at one Schengen airport each time (whether it's the same on the way back or not doesn't matter much) does make a difference.
In that case, you don't need to enter the Schengen area and the rules for airside transit apply. And since you have a valid US visa, it means that you can transit without visa. As an Indian citizen, if you did not have a US visa, you would still need an airport transit visa in Paris (not in Amsterdam).
Do I need a visa to transit (or layover) in the Schengen area? contains all the details.