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You need a visa to transit via Belarus, unless you are a citizen of the countries listed below, all of which have visa-free access to the country. Quoting from the website of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Belarus:
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cuba (for a term not exceeding 30 days), Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia (provided that there is a private invitation or tourist voucher), Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro (for a term not exceeding 30 days provided that there is a private invitation or tourist voucher), Qatar (for a term not exceeding 30 days), Russia, Serbia (for a term not exceeding 30 days), Tajikistan, Turkey (for a term not exceeding 30 days), Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (for a term not exceeding 90 days), Ecuador (for a term not exceeding 30 days).
The visa application must be sent to any of the relevant authorities. A Belarus transit visa is valid for the 48 hours following your entry in the country. Quoting from the website of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Belarus:
Transit visa (type B) is issued for transit through the territory of the Republic of Belarus for the stated period, but not more than for 1 year, and is valid for 2 days from the date of entry of a foreign citizen into the Republic of Belarus.
Transit visa is issued for single, double and multiple transit through the territory of the Republic of Belarus in case the foreigner has the visa of the country of his or her final destination. If a visa to enter a third country is not required, other grounds for issuance of a transit visa are taken into account, including railroad, motor or airline tickets or booking confirmation.