Upvote:1
All Schengen consulates will have a record of the refusal in their databases. Officers at the Belgium consulate might even remember it or have some file about it. Applying immediately for a visa under another category, without any change in your situation and without submitting extra documentation is going to look bad and is likely to lead to a new rejection.
You can apply again if you want, and sometimes it works but you need to be very careful. If you don't have a strong case, you will just waste your money and make your next application even more difficult.