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Alaska Airlines (AS) is a Qantas partner for mileage earning.
Full details are on the Qantas site, but basically you'll earn 1 Qantas point per mile flown in most booking classes (but be sure to check your booking class to make sure!). You will NOT earn any Qantas Status Credits when flying with AS.
As you've already flown you'll need to go through the process to claim missing points. There a list of airlines that you can claim online for (not including AS!), and at the bottom of the list are the instructions for other airlines not listed. Personally I'd call first, before sending anything in. You may also be able to get away with scanning/emailing rather than posting.