Upvote:3
Formally, it would depend on the airline's conditions of carriage and any relevant consumer protection laws in the country where you bought the ticket. But in all likelihood you won't be able to get anything, conditions of carriage usually explicitly specify that passengers are expected to make sure that they meet all relevant visa requirements.
The Polish state certainly will not compensate you or anybody. In fact, they could (and probably will) fine the airline for letting you board the plane in the first place.