At the start of Barbarossa, what was the state of Germany's oil supply?
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Some of this research gets much easier if you can search in German. ;-) All translations are my own.
The German WP article on synthesized coal gives the following numbers on Germany's fuel supply:
Year Mineral oil (kilotons) of which synthesized percentage
1939 8,200 2,200 27%
1940 7,600 3,348 44%
1941 10,000 4,116 41%
1942 9,500 4,920 52%
1943 11,300 5,748 51%
1944 6,830 3,830 56%
This forum thread cites more interesting numbers from this seminal work:
Import in t Crude Oil Fuels and Lubricants
1933 546,000 2,157,000
1934 623,000 2,535,000
1935 846,000 2,946,000
1936 1,198,000 3,235,000
1937 1,198,000 3,109,000
1938 1,326,000 3,641,000
(Expertise Tomberg in "Das deutsche Reich...", book 1, page 354
---
Import of mineral oils and "Rückstände" (destilates?), in t
1939 4,694,000, of which 5,000 from the USSR
1940 1,806,000, of which 617,000 from the USSR
1941 (first half) 816,000, of which 248,000 from the USSR
(Friedensburg, Kriegslieferungen in "Das deutsche Reich...", book 1, page 358)
---
Oil production in Germany (area of 1937) in t
1938 552,000
1939 741,000
1940 1,056,000
1941 901,000
1942 743,000
1943 710,000
1944 720,000
(Statistisches Handbuch … in "Das deutsche Reich …", book 5/2, page 438)
---
Fuel production of the Hydrier- und Synthesewerke in t
aviation fuel total
1938 63,600 766,400 830,000
1939 218,800 1,049,600 1,268,400
1940 591,200 1,288,800 1,880,000
1941 970,000 1,494,400 2,464,400
1942 1,365,200 1,584,800 2,950,000
1943 1,867,600 1,924,000 3,791,600
1944 965,700 1,127,500 2,093,200
(Statistisches Handbuch … in "Das deutsche Reich …", book 5/2, page 439)
---
Oil production in Austria, in t
1937 32,900
1938 56,700
1939 144,300
(Schausberger, Die Bedeutung Österreichs in "Das deutsche Reich …", book 1, page 323)
---
Fuel consumption in t
total of which Wehrmacht
1940 5,865,000 3,005,000
1941 7,305,000 4,567,000
1942 6,483,000 4,410,000
1943 6,971,000 4,762,000
(Eichholtz, Kriegswirtschaft in "Das deutsche Reich …", book 5/2, page 440)
---
Mineral oil supplies at beginning of the war, in t
own production stores
Gasoline 95,000 451,000
Aviation fuel 41,500 492,000
Diesel fuel 28,000 298,000
Bunker fuel (navy) 51,000 1,129,000
Motor oil 9,950 141,000
(Kaspar, Erdölgewinnung in "Das deutsche Reich …", book 1, page 259)
---
Fuel situation in October 1939 in t
fuel oil diesel aviation gasoline
Consumption Economy
in eptember 25,000 125,000 - 110,000
Consumption Wehrmacht
in September 80,000 33,000 54,000 107,000
Own production
per Month 1939/40 46,000 63,000 63,000 108,000
(Das deutsche Reich …, book 5/1, page 435)
---
Stores in t
1940 1941 1942
Aviation fuel 613,000 254,000 333,000
Gasoline 497,000 225,000 180,000
Diesel 280,000 157,000 169,000
Marine diesel 256,000 91,000 69,000
Bunker oil (navy) 521,000 280,000 136,000
("Das deutsche Reich …", book 5/2, page 439-440)
But I think this one is the one you're most interested in:
Mineral oil volume in t
total synthetic import from occupied territories
1939 8,200,000 2,200,000 5,165,000 -
1940 7,600,000 3,348,000 2,075,000 -
1941 10,000,000 4,116,000 2,807,000 332,000
1942 9,500,000 4,920,000 2,359,000 370,000
1943 11,300,000 5,748,000 2,766,000 576,000
1944 6,830,000 3,830,000 960,000 360,000
(Eichholtz, Kriegswirtschaft in "Das deutsche Reich …", book 5/2, page 440)
As for shipping, this forum thread quotes a newspaper article from Die Neue Zeitung, 21. September 1948, reading...
The merchant fleet (in 1939) commanded over 4.5 million gross tons of shipping space. Three millions were devoured by the world war unleashed by National Socialism, and another million -- all remaining major vessels -- had to be surrendered to the Allies as partial reparation for ships sunk by Germany as a result of the Potsdam Agreement.
The same thread quotes from "Die Deutsche Handelsflotte 1939-1945":
Since outbreak of the war, 109 merchant ships with 657,722 gross tons returned from overseas as blockade runners. An additional 18 ships with 62,417 gross tons were transferred from western Spain to France after the end of the Battle of France.
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