Before 1961, what did they think would happen to people in weightlessness?
Upvote:3
Before science, Speculation from Sci-Fi back to 1873 and Jules Verne "From the Earth to the Moon:Around the Moon"
Read it in full yourself from project Guttenberg here http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16457/16457-h/16457-h.htm the section in chapter VIII the neutral point starting: "From the moment they had left the Earth, their own weight..."
Then in 1948 - Dr. Hubertus Strughold "The father of Space medicine" having worked prewar and during, is the first researcher in field on the physical effects of weightlessness. He is editor of "German Aviation Medicine in World War II" the first published scientific work on Weightlessness in a chapter called “Man under Gravity Free Conditions” by Heinz Haber and O. Gauer [1,2]
References:
1.Benford RJ. German aviation medicine during World War II. Washington, DC: Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office; 1948
2.Campbell MR et al. 2007 Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine http://spacemedicineassociation.org/timeline/1949/Strughold%20Accomplishments.pdf
There is a wealth of information on the science of space medicine....
They have a timeline of space medicine here: http://spacemedicineassociation.org/timeline/timeline.htm
Upvote:9
NASA had known experimentally what near weightlessness felt like at least since 1959, when the famous "Vomit Comet" had enabled humans to experience the condition for up to 25 seconds at a time. This plane followed a nearly parabolic flight path to produce the sensation of weightlessness.
Hence there was no reason before the first human spaceflight to believe something terrible might happen to astronauts such as inner organs rupturing.
Flight trajectory for a typical zero-gravity flight maneuver. Image credit: NASA (public domain)
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