What caused this cratering pattern at Hiroshima?
score:23
This isn't exactly an answer (yet), but for comparison, look at this aerial photograph of the damage from a conventional bombing raid over Osaka 
(Taken from Reports of the United States Strategic Bombing Survey
It's not the same location, but the appearance of the craters, their size, the typical spacing between them etc. is very similar to the photograph in the question.
Meanwhile, compare that with the views of Hiroshima shortly after the atomic bomb was dropped (the bomb exploded about 600m above ground level, so it wouldn't leave any kind of crater at all. It just flattened wooden buildings. Famously, the stone building directly beneath the point of the explosion was left intact):
The kind of damage seen there is completely unlike the Osaka bombing damage, and completely unlike the photograph in the question. So I think it is pretty safe to say that the photograph in the question is showing damage due to a conventional air raid with high explosive bombs (rather than an atomic bomb or incendiary bombs).
As far as I am aware, Hiroshima was not subject to a conventional bombing raid either before or after the atomic bomb was dropped, but I'm happy to be corrected if anyone knows better
I haven't yet managed to find any copy of the original image that isn't labelled as being Hiroshima three weeks after the bomb was dropped.
Upvote:31
This photo is again used in recent CNN.com article "The bombing of Hiroshima" posted in Apr 26 2020: CNN
But this is not the one of Hiroshima after the A-Bomb. This photo was taken from above Iwakuni city, Yamaguchi Prefecture, after the bombardment in Aug 14 1945 (which is called "Iwakuni air raid" in Japan).
There is another photo of exact the same place and you can see it in Wikimedia Commons.
The description says that was "The Marifu Rail Yards, 2 miles east of Iwakuni, and 2 miles south of Otake, Japan, after the bombing raid of August 1945 by B-29 Superforts of the 21st Bomber Command."
"Marifu" (้บป้ๅธ) is the former name of Iwakuni Station.
In fact, the "bombing raid over Osaka" photo posted by PhillS in May 26 2016 is not a photo of Osaka, and this is also the one taken from above Iwakuni.
You can compare each fields of view of them to the following image.
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