How long would it take to travel from England to the colonies in the early 1700s?
Upvote:4
When John Adams sailed to France in 1777, the voyage took six weeks.
Accompanied by his oldest son, John Quincy, Adams embarked on a six week crossing of the Atlantic.
Upvote:9
How long would it take to travel from England to the colonies in the early 1700s?
The distance from England to the Charleston area of South Carolina is:
Speed of ships in the 1700's was around 5 knots1.
To convert all in same units: d = 4010 mi = 6453 km and u = 5 knots = 10 km/h, to get the time we use the following equation of motion:
t = d / u = 6453 / 10 = 645 hours => 27 days in the ideal situation. However, in reality weather conditions like storms, ocean currents2 etc, would prolong the journey up to 6 - 8 weeks.
Would the upper class travellers face different conditions from the middle class?
As an example of the conditions faced by the middle and lower class:
...The passage to America was treacherous by any standard. Many of the immigrants were too poor to pay for the journey and therefore indentured themselves to wealthier colonialists - selling their services for a period of years in return for the price of the passage. Crammed into a small wooden ship, rolling and rocking at the mercy of the sea, the voyagers - men, women and children - endured hardships unimaginable to us today. Misery was the most common description of a journey that typically lasted seven weeks...[1]
1. Dependent on their size (Hull speed) and the winds. .
2. About the same time Ben Franklin measured the (6 degrees) warmer temperature of Gulf Stream and created a map which would turn out to be very useful to sailors ("riding it the trip would shorten with a week").
[1] Mittelberger, Gottleb, Gottleb Mittelberger's Journey to Pennsylvania in the Year 1750 and Return to Germany in the year 1754 (published by the German Society of Pennsylvania 1898)
Update:
As mentioned in the comment section there are alternative routes, in fact 18th Century British shipping routes visualised using modern mapping technologies look like:
which includes the one proposed above, however, if the general idea is understood the above calculation could be applied to any of the shown routes.
Dutch shiping routes 1750-1800 visualised using modern mapping technologies are closer to the proposed in the comment:
together with Spanish shiping routes in the same period 1750-1800:
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