Could rōnin become a samurai again?

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The samurai used to change their masters a lot, especially in the Sengoku era. A rōnin who came from a defeated clan where his master has been killed can attach himself to another clan and serve as a samurai.

In the movie Seven Samurai, several farmers hire rōnin to protect their farms from bandits. the movie describe them as noble heroes who stand up for oppressed farmers. the reality is quite different than that was portrayed in most films.

So we can see in the above example that a rōnin can still protect and fight.

In the battle of sekigahara in 1600 a lot of samurai became rōnin, most of them lost their masters, around 500,000 rōnin existed without income. At the era of tokugawa shoguns, those rōnin divided into two rebellions. The first, led by Yui Shosetsu, was aborted before the actual attack. And the second rebellion was unsuccessful. Tokugawa at the beginning and at the end of 17th century engaged in a campaign of suppression and advising the masters not allowing entering those rōnin to enter their fiefs.

So yes, a rōnin can have another masters, if the master needs or wants a rōnin.

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A ronin is always a samurai. A samurai became masterless upon the death of his master due to circumstance (assassination/murder, war, natural causes) or after the loss of his master's favor or privilege due to an apparent misgiving. https://books.google.com/books?id=V14nI8RKPkwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=ronin+samurai&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JOptT6qAD-X10gHb3PWwBg&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ronin%20samurai&f=false

During the Edo period of history (1600-1860's), with the shogunate's rigid class caste system and laws put into place, Ronin became more common. Before the Edo era Warfare among clans/fief's was Common, so replenishment of ranks was sustained by ronin looking to make living serving in the armies. Constant casualties made ronin indispensable as they had to take over for the dead. enter image description here

With the advent of the Edo era, Japan enjoyed relative peace and prosperity. There were only five considerable conflicts in the Edo era, most rebellions or proxy wars. Other than that; relative peace. With little employment or resources; or the need to conduct war. The samurai had a choice: give up their sword and become peasants, or move to the city of their feudal lord and become a paid retainer carrying out the executive policies of lords.......most chose the latter. And spent the next 250 years pacifying the country.

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