What caused the rise of international anti-semitism during the early 20th century?
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The rise really started in 19th century. The main reason was the general rise of nationalism related to creation of nation-states in Europe. Shortly before that, or simultaneously, the Jews were emancipated in most European countries. They left the ghettos, where they lived in relative isolation and started to mix with general population. With growing nationalism, this led to antisemitism.
In 1914 these processes were accelerated by the World war.
EDIT. The Russian empire is a special case: it was never a nation-state, and Jews did not obtain equal rights until 1917. On the other hand it had by far the largest Jewish population in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In Russia strong antisemitism always existed (based on official religion which was enforced by the state), and in the early years of the war many Jews living in the border areas were forcibly deported because of the alleged co-operation with the enemy.
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