Were warhorses unable to graze in grass fields and thus needed to be manually fed an exclusive type of hay?

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Accepted answer

No. War horses are simply horses. Perhaps a little bit finicky with eating but not overly so.

The reason why they were fed hay is different. You need a LOT of fields with edible grass to daily feed them. Those pastures have to be guarded, lest the horses run away or the enemy runs away with your horses. Grass must be ready for consumption and for some parts of the year it isn't.

It's logistically much easier to feed the horses hay while on campaign. Yes, you need to bring that hay to the encampments. But you don't have to guard the pastures. And part of the year you have to bring your hay anyway.

Upvote:3

If we want to know about war horses in the middle ages we can look at the nomads that visited Europe a prime example of which were the Mongols. In "Horse and pasture in Inner Asian History" by Denis Sinor a case is described were the lack of edible grass hindered the Mongol advance.

In March 1242, a Mongol detachment pursuing the fleeing Hungarian king Bela IV reached the city of Split in Dalmatia. The archdeacon Thomas of Split, describing the events, expressly stated that Qaidan, chief of the Mongol forces engaged in the operations arrived with only a fraction of his army "as there was not enough grass for all his hors*m*n; it was early March with heavy frosts".

If war horses needed a special type of hay and did not graze then they would make sure to make provisions of it and wouldn't rely on local fauna.

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