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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Sudan
In the 1880s, the French began setting up military outposts in what was called Upper Senegal, which included Mali and parts of other countries. There was no civilian administration yet.
In 1890, Upper Senegal became French Sudan and gained a civilian administration. Then, French Sudan went through a series of territorial changes.
https://i.stack.imgur.com/MkcNV.jpg
Then, in the 60s, French Sudan became Mali.