How many women lived in Spanish Californian presidios?
Upvote:4
Google to the rescue
Depends on when you ask. Initially they were all male, but the government deployed incentives for women to move in. If you want to know a specific number, you'll probably have to specify a specific date.
For greater social stability and an improved moral tone, the crown wished to encourage formation of family life among the soldiers. Spanish officials looked for ways to increase the number of Spanish or mestiza women in the population, although there was no consistent governmental policy for sending women colonists to California. In 1775, Viceroy Bucareli authorized Captain Juan Bautista de Anza take to California an expedition of 240 settlers, the largest number of families with women and children at any one time in the Spanish period (In 1774, Captain Rivera y Moncada had brought in a small party of 51 people.) (Bancroft I, 218) In the 1790s, Governor Borica asked that "mujeres blancas" (white women) be sent to California in numbers at least equal to the number of male convict soldiers; if "mujeres blancas" proved too hard to find, then women of lesser "quality" (mestizas, mulattas, etc.) perhaps could be induced to make the move; he recommended some kind of inducement-- a serge petticoat, a shawl, and a linen jacket might do the trick. Borica also offered a 40 peso bonus to any soldier who got married. (Bancroft I, 605). In 1800, the viceroy sent 10 orphan girls to California to be distributed among presidial families; by the end of the year, 2 of them were married. (Bancroft I, 606). California Mission Foundation
Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: The new pragmatism insists that, "To date, there is little historic or archaeological evidence of Native Californian women's labor at El Presidio de San Francisco, suggesting that those who worked there were probably hired privately ratehr than being contracted by the military command." - Which I read to mean that the women did not live in the Presidio but worked there.
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