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I found an article that indicates that the effects of ether were documented as far back as 1540. It suggests that the first use of ether in surgery was by Dr. Crawford W. Long of Georgia in 1842, when he used ether while performing three separate surgeries.
William T.G. Morton contacted Dr. John C. Warren (1778-1856) of Harvard University in 1846 and arranged a surgery to demonstrate the effective use of ether. The news of this event spread rapidly, and ether soon became the most common means of anesthetising a patient for surgery.