score:5
While providing links is not the best way of answering, Wikipedia's article on History of Astronomy could, in this case, be made-to-order.
It reviews astronomical evolution, beliefs and practices right from Babylonians to modern astronomy sequentially and points to dedicated chronicles were relevant (ex- Egyptian, Indian, China etc.)
Upvote:3
Astronomy was necessary for a calendar and calendar was necessary in all agricultural (neolithic) societies.