Why did the Portuguese permit an Italian commercial agent to accompany Vasco da Gama on the 4th Portuguese India Armada?
score:16
This expedition was financed by the Affaitadi family (they were bankers), of which Matteo de Bergamo was a clerk. It is natural that the investors would ask the da Gama brothers to take one of their trusted clerks with them. However, after the expedition that took place in 1503, under the direction of Francisco de Almeida, King Manuel I forbade that Italian merchants would participate again in those expeditions.
My source is a PhD thesis (in Portuguese, pp. 233–234).
- António Fernando de Vasconcelos Nogueira, Judaísmo e capitalismo: contribuição judaica para a formação do ethos capitalista [PDF], Universidade de Aveiro, 2001.
Here is a translation of the relevant passage:
The Affaitadi [family] kept its control over the commerce of sugar and molasses, even when, from the first decade of the XVIth century on, the offer of these goods (whose production originated from the Canary Islands) increased in Flanders. They funded the second expedition to India (1502–1503) by Vasco da Gama and his brother Estevão da Gama, in whose fleet they sent their clerk Matteo de Bergamo. The profits of this operation, in terms of the amount of money invested and the profit made, were estimated as being above 150%. The same procedure was used by them with the expedition by D. Francisco de Almeida (1503). When the Portuguese monarch forbade the Italian merchants from taking part directly in this business […] in 1504…
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