Jean III de Grailly, captal de Buch's strange title

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This is really more like a whole list of questions...

1. Why was de Grailly granted this title, which was apparently used by only a few families, and not some other title?

I think there's a bit of confusion here. The prefix of Captal was the traditional title for the lords of Buch. Edward III granted Jean III de Grailly the fief of Buch which came with it the feudal title of Captal de Buch. He didn't randomly have him titled captal by itself.

2. Was captal used in the same way as other titles, such as Duke or Viscount, where the title is used in place of the name?

Yes:

The captal and his noble kinsman, attended by forty lancers, were joyfully received at Meaux by the dauphiness and the duke and duchess of Orleans.

- Beltz, George Frederick. Memorials of the Order of the Garter. 1841.

3.What was its order of precedence?

Based on notes in Sir John Froissart's Chronicles of England, France, Spain, and the Adjoining Countries, it was originally approximately equivalent to count. But it seemed to have become roughly comparable to viscount later.

4. What were the other families that used this title?

From the same source, several other families used it at some point or another, but by the time of the de Grailly, only them and the Captal de Trene was left.

5. Why did the title not outlive the Middle Ages as the titles of Duke and Count did?

It did. After Jean III died, the title passed to his uncle, Count Archambaud of Foix. It stayed with his descendants (in the female line after 1593) until it was sold to Jean-Baptiste Amanieu de Ruat in 1713.

The title was always rather obscure and snowflakey.

6. Why did the title derive from Latin rather than something in French?

The title started during the time of the first Dukes of Aquitaine. The Roman Empire was a recent thing and French didn't really exist as a language at the time.

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The expression probably comes from caput in latin , which means roughly head. Or a vernacular term of Capital, or both. Either way , the bloke was the head of his house and that made him a capital person ;-).

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