Jesus and Mary / Joshua and Miriam

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They are transliterated from two different languages: Hebrew and Greek.

מִרְיָם -- Miriam
Μαρία -- Maria
יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎‎ -- Joshua
Ἰησοῦς -- Jesus

The transliterations make sense when compared to the original pronunciations.

Of course Mary and Jesus must actually have had Hebrew/Aramaic names instead of Greek ones. Quite probably their names actually were מִרְיָם and יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎‎. However, they still are only mentioned with the Greek translated versions, so by transliterating from Μαρία and Ἰησοῦς the translators are keeping closest to the original.

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Source: stackoverflow.com

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