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This is an excellent question. However, we are given nothing in the Bible that gives us any information about how John taught his disciples to pray, only that he did teach them to pray. As far as I am aware, there are no surviving documents that give any information either.
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While there is nothing in the sacred writings that indicate exactly how John taught his followers and disciple to pray, there is clarity about his message and mission.
In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the wilderness of Judea 2 and saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.” 3 This is he who was spoken of through the prophet Isaiah:
“A voice of one calling in the wilderness,
‘Prepare the way for the Lord,
make straight paths for him.’ Matthew 3:1-3.
Is it possible that John would preach repentance and turn to the Psalms for his guide? For example form Psalm 51:
Have mercy on me, God, in your goodness
in your abundant compassion
blot out my offense.
Wash away all my guilt;
from my sin cleanse me.
This is also a shift from the rote prayers of the temple and an invitation to enter into a personal prayer relationship with the Father, with Abba.
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Refer back to Luke 5:33 where the same subject was broached by the disciples. The word "make" is poieo which means "to originate a petition or need, to cause or bring about or to be the author of". This was in sharp contrast to the way the religious order of the day prayed as they recited those prayers and praises in rote as given by God through their forefathers. This was something new that had been introduced through the birth of Jesus ... an openness for a personal relationship between man and his Creator, another indication of the love that God had for His creation.