Do Protestants agree that every individual has 'two or three witnesses' to attest to truth?

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Every human being has these three witnesses: The natural world, the Word of God, and the people of God.

In Romans, Paul tells us that every person is without excuse regarding knowledge of God's eternal power and Godhead:

Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God hath shewed it unto them. For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made, even his eternal power and Godhead; so that they are without excuse - Romans 1:19-20

This is echoed in Psalm 19 as regards the natural world and also with the addition of God's Word under various monikers:

The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. There is no speech nor language, where their voice is not heard. Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath he set a tabernacle for the sun, Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run a race. His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof. The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. The statutes of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart: the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes. The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward. Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults. Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression. Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O LORD, my strength, and my redeemer.

And in John 13:34-35 we have Jesus, the Word of God in flesh, commanding those who have believed in these two testimonies to love one another as a testimony to others.

A new commandment I give unto you, That ye love one another; as I have loved you, that ye also love one another. By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another.

Interestingly, Paul declares that loving one another in this way is the fulfillment of the the second witness, the Law:

For all the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. - Galatians 5:14

So, in a very meaningful way the Church fulfills the first two testimonies and is, itself, a third. And by Church it is not meant some man-made edifice nor dogmatic hierarchy of teachings or rules. The Church, those called out ones, called out of darkness and unto light, brought from death unto life, born again by the grace of God through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ and scattered amongst and within so many denominations (often times in spite of the denomination) is both old and new creation fulfilling the Word through love and testifying to a dying world of the surpassing greatness of the Lord Jesus...Son of God and Son of man.

 

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I split hairs when distinguishing between "truth" and "facts." I define truth broadly to mean those things which are, regardless of anyone being aware of them. I define facts as those things which can be attested to by trusted sources.

For example, it was true that the earth is round (no offense to any flat-earthers reading this), even before mankind considered it could be anything else. We didn't have the facts (that is, the empirical observations of astronomers or theories of cosmologists) until relatively recent years. God has always known the shape of the earth, but we didn't necessarily know this until we physically (i.e. empirically) observed it. At the moment we did, the "roundness" of the earth went from simple truth to proven fact. Today, evolutionary theory is taught in many schools as either truth or fact (or both). While I have my own assumptions as to whether it is true or not, using the "scientific" methods many secular scientists use today, they present their conclusions as "facts," whereas the truth is ultimately known by God.

But I digress. If your question is about how we can know something is true (as opposed to fact) based on the account of witnesses, then it really comes down to the quality (i.e. credibility) of the witnesses.

No one but God observed the creation of the universe. Yet, He is our witness to those events, and by faith, we hold His record/witness in Genesis as truth, despite failing the criterion of "two or more witnesses." Creation happened; It's true. But our scientific knowledge is limited, so our ability to establish empirical evidence for the creation events is thusly limited.

It should be noted that the passage you're referencing (Deut. 19:15) is a legal passage in Mosaic Law. It's not dealing with witnesses of the truth of Scripture or the truth of someone's salvation. It's dealing with extremely practical things, in this case, accusations of civil crimes within the nation of Israel. The New Testament reference you make (2 Corinthians 13:1) is of Paul attesting to the existence and identity of Christ as witnessed by Paul and attested to on at least three occasions. Paul is not really arguing that Christ is who He said He was because of his thrice visiting Corinth, but rather Paul's reference back to Deuteronomy was to show the sincerity and importance of his claim of who Christ was. Indeed, someone saying the same thing three times does not constitute "two or three" witnesses.

I believe (and this is my view, not necessarily that of Scripture) that Paul was referencing Deuteronomy to show that he was scholarly aware of the Mosaic Law, adding to it his own personal encounter with Christ in order to validate his claims about Christ.

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