When Did Israel First Expect Deliverance from Egypt?
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In Genesis ch50 v24, Joseph says "God will visit you and bring you up out of this land to the land which he swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob".
But the people did not know,at the time, that a "rescue" would be necessary to make this happen. For the moment, they understood Egypt as a refuge from starvation.
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I see that you have accepted an answer already but I would like to offer an answer regardless. I recommend all of Genesis 15 as foundation and I believe it to be more complete regarding the OP, than the accepted answer.
In God's covenant with Abram it is made clear that Abram's offspring would be enslaved for four hundred years and then delivered with great possessions. Abram asks God how he shall know that he will inherit the promised land and is instructed to prepare a cut covenant. A deep sleep comes upon Abram and God says to him:
Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance. - Genesis 15:13b-14
Following this God himself passes through the animal parts of the cut covenant indicating that it is an unconditional covenant (Abram having no responsibility therein). Certainly such a dramatic event would likely have been related to Isaac, the child of promise, and then to Jacob, and then to the 12 patriarch's. Joseph's statement in Genesis 50:24-25 is likely referring to this very promise:
And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones from hence.
It seems that Joseph had latched onto one portion of the promise, so as to ensure that his remains would be brought into the promised land, while making no mention of the affliction promised as a precursor.
As the accepted answer indicates, rescues are not usually anticipated prior to calamity but, having finally become enslaved in Egypt (as promised), the rescue promised in the covenant God made with Abram would be remembered with great hope, as both the bondage and the deliverance were given as surety following the question "Lord GOD, whereby shall I know that I shall inherit it?".
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