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Is there a way of working out approximately how much money Zacchaeus would have given away and given back as restitution?
There is no way to work out even by guessing how much money Zacchaeus would have given away and given back as restitution.
There exists no historical information on this or even Apocryphal stories or pious legends about it.
Zacchaeus simply showed that he was willing to change by offering half of his belongings to the poor and paying back four times as much to anyone he had cheated. This amount was what the Old Testament law demanded as a repayment for dishonesty:
βWhoever steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it must pay back five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep. - Exodus 22:1
Upvote:1
We can deduce from the fact that he was giving away half his income and paying fourfold restitution if he had cheated anybody, that he believed that his gains from cheating amounted to less than one tenth of his total wealth. Otherwise he would not have sufficuent funds to initiate his scheme of restitution.
He said if he had cheated anyone, not that he had definitely done so. We have no knowledge of how the scheme worked in practice. However, if HMRC are anything to go by, it may not have been easy.
If he had cheated people by overestimating tax due, how was that to be measured objectively? Could anyone come and claim to have been overtaxed and simply demand a refund plus fourfold restitution? What proof would be needed? How might it be obtained? If someone had been taxed on an estimated income or production, how to prove that the real value was lower? Or would Zacchaeus have simply paid every claim? The practicalities seem insurmountable.