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How did the fasting and abstinence requirements of Lenten Ember Days differ from other days of Lent in the United States?
Ember Days followed the prescribed rules or norms of the Church as what was generally laid down at that time.
This is still the practice of those few Religious Institutions that still practice this seasonal devotion, in our day! Nowadays, the Ember Days of fasting and prayer are almost completely disappeared. In the US, bishop are free to bring back the Ember Days fasting, but none have chosen to do so, in any diocese.
The fasting rules of Ember Days followed the Church rules of fasting that applied at that time when practiced. There were no special Ember Day fasting norms!
Nevertheless, there are still some religious communities that still practice this liturgical devotion in our day and to make at little bit more enjoyable, historical and meaningful have special meals to make the Ember Days stick out: Ember Day Tart. I myself have done this occasionally. Bone Appetite!