God said in the Bible: ”I am who am!” What does that expression mean?
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God said :
I am that I am. [Exodus 3:14, KJV.]
I am that which I am. [Exodus 3:14, Young's Literal.]
'I am' expresses a personal existence, an individual being.
'That I am' or 'that which I am' expresses a form of being, a mode of existence.
Elsewhere, God reveals that he is eternal, he is the Creator of all things :
Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard, that the everlasting God, the LORD, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth not, neither is weary? there is no searching of his understanding. [Isaiah 40:28, KJV.]
Jesus Christ, the Son of God, states 'God is Spirit' (John 4:24, KJV).
The mode of God's existence is eternal spirit.
As such, he is known by faith, not by human sight or by scientific knowledge.
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“I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.” Rev. 1:8
I agree that it's an expression of His existence or state.
58 Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was born, I am.” 59 Therefore they picked up stones to throw at Him, but Jesus hid Himself and went out of the temple.
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It is helpful to remember that in the time of the events of the Old Testament, names very often had meaning that were understood by those who heard the name. Moses means "from water," because the daughter of Pharaoh took him from the water, Isaac comes from the Hebrew "he laughs", and so forth.
Often these names will identify a distinguishing characteristic of the person who has the name.
This is the case here with God.
As to the intrinsic meaning of that declaration: the chief distinction between the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, versus any other gods, is that the former actually is, whereas the latter are all fictitious; therefore the true God's name is the statement that He is, which sets Him utterly apart from the false gods invented by man.
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