What is the Biblical basis against Melchizedek being the Holy Spirit?
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The Book of Hebrews speaks of Melchisedec 9 times (5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1,10,11,15,17,21) and in each case it is to inform us that Jesus is made a priest in the order of Melchisedec. The theology of Hebrews is strange, but no more so than in its portrayal of Jesus as a priest in the order of Melchisedec. The filioque clause that now forms part of the Nicene Creed, states that the Holy Spirit comes from the Father and from the Son [Jesus]. I think this clause requires some serious mental gymnastics to read from Hebrews that Melchisedec is the Holy Spirit.
Melchisedec is first mentioned in Genesis 14:18, where he is the King of Salem and priest of the most high God. Again, it is not traditional to think of the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, as merely a priest of God. Melchisedec can not be the Holy Spirit.
Hebrews 7:3 speaks of Melchisedec in terms that could at first read like divinity: without father, without mother, without descent, having neither beginning of days, nor end of life; but made like unto the Son of God. The NAB footnote to this passge explains:
4 ... this is perhaps a quotation from a hymn about Melchizedek. The rabbis maintained that anything not mentioned in the Torah does not exist. Consequently, since the Old Testament nowhere mentions Melchizedek's ancestry, birth, or death, the conclusion can be drawn that he remains . . . forever.
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