Did the Bull, Unam Sanctam, authorize/promote Christian aggression by the "temporal sword"?

score:5

Accepted answer

Pope Boniface VIII said there are two swords:

Both, therefore, are in the power of the Church, that is to say, the spiritual and the material sword, but the former is to be administered for the Church but the latter by the Church; the former in the hands of the priest; the latter by the hands of kings and soldiers, but at the will and sufferance of the priest. However, one sword ought to be subordinated to the other and temporal authority, subjected to spiritual power.

By this, he was asserting that ultimate authority lay in the Church under his rule. In this bull, he was not promoting military action, nor proposing that Christians should defend themselves. He was stating that secular rulers must be subordinated to the Church and carry out its commands. The concluding remark in the bull is, "Furthermore, we declare, we proclaim, we define that it is absolutely necessary for salvation that every human creature be subject to the Roman Pontiff."

Shortly after Boniface's death, Pope Clement V withdrew Unam Sanctam, so this bull is no longer in force although it was not the last time that popes attempted to assert authority over temporal rulers.

More post

Search Posts

Related post