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In Japan in 2003 the number of Buddhist temples were
The source for this is Introducing Buddhism by Peter Harvey (pp 409 2nd Edition)
There is a Japanese Theravada Association which claims thousands of members and the Dhammakaya movement has six centres in Japan. However this appears to be a more recent phenomena and the above figures appear to indicate that it is a small movement in the context of Buddhism as a whole in Japan.
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Check this book: The Life of Nyanatiloka Thera: The Biography of a Western Buddhist Pioneer.
He was in Japan in the 1920s.
There were apparently two Theravadan Monks at that time.