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According to various internet sources, 5000 years ago, or approximately 3000 BC, references to the form of mediation used at the time is found in Hindu scriptures. According to Lovetoknow.com, A recent archaeological find in the then capital city of Moheyo-dara, capital city of the Indus Valley civilization, by John Marshall of a seal of a meditating yogi is dated at 2600 BC approximately. Of course , it may be assumed that meditation was taking place for an indefinite period of time prior.
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In the Indian tradition the earliest appearance of meditation seems to be during the Indus Valley period (3300-1300 BCE) in the form of a bronze seal possibly depicting an early form of Shiva (Pashupati), seated in cross-legged pose with an obvious erection. It was found in Mohenjo-Daro, dated at about 2500 BCE. The figure is also surrounded by animals, and has been associated with the archetype of the Lord of the Animals (a.k.a. the Theriomorphic Ancestor).