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I'll summarize the answer that this question received in the comment section:
- Exits by land to Canada are recorded. Each country transmits its entry records to the other to serve as exit records there. Initially, US and Canadian citizens were excluded, but I believe that's no longer the case. I believe sea travel by common carrier is similar to air travel; a passenger manifest is submitted electronically. I don't know how it works for a private vessel phoog Jan 14 at 13:33.