What was the first country to have an electoral college?

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This depends on what you define as an electoral college.

For instance, in ancient Rome the king was to be elected by the Curiate Assembly (on the suggestion of Senate). Later, Roman consuls and emperors were elected by the senate.

The most of ancient states were governed by the councils of elders or representatives of the constituent tribes.

In 332 BC Alexander the Great was elected hegemon of the League of Corinth by the Second Corinth Congress...

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There was the Electoral College of the Holy Roman Empire from about AD 1200.

I believe that eventually, in 1268, the rules for electing the Doge of Venice became incredibly complex, with several different bodies of electors which could be called electoral colleges, each body chosen by a previous body.

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