Why did US helicopters suffer mechanical failures in Operation Eagle Claw?

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Here are a few pages that have more detail. The official report is worth a look.

The first one lists several mistakes, including:

  • The lack of any overall review of the plan
  • The requirement that all the US armed services should have a "piece of the action", which led to helicopters not being flown by crews who were familiar with them, who might well have coped better with problems.
  • The use of RH-53D helicopters, which had a poor reliability record, because they "looked right" on a carrier, to try to avoid giving the Iranian navy any clues that something odd was going on.

The haboob did not apparently cause any failures of the helicopters, but it made them disperse to avoid collisions, which slowed everything down, and the timescale was already too tight in various places. Hurrying is a great way to make other things go wrong.

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