Is the Wesleyan Quadrilateral present in Luther or in any other pre-Wesley theologians, Protestant or Catholic?
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Richard Hooker, a 16th Century Anglican Priest and one of the major architects of the early Church of England, said theology was derived from a combination of scripture, tradition, and reason. This has since become known as the "three-legged stool of Anglicanism." John Wesley was an Anglican Priest (and Methodism began as a movement within the Anglican Church), so it is highly likely he was familiar with this formula and expanded it to four points by adding experience.
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I don't know of anyone who made this formulation explicit. One example of where all four are present is in the Confessions of Augustine:
Scripture: Confessions quotes from scripture extensively.
Reason: Augustine describes at length the importance of Cicero and Plato in his conversion, and how even there he saw God's light through their reason.
Experience: the Confessions takes several examples from Augustine's own experience was important in his conversion and later theological work and conclusions. He meditates (for a few examples) on stealing a pear just because he felt like it, his experience as a Manichaean, his conversion experience, and dealing with death of loved ones.
Tradition: One sees the importance of Ambrose and Augustine's mother Monica in both his conversion and his ongoing contemplation of the Faith.
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