According to Catholic Church, what are the wider connotations of the Ninth Commandment?

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Simply by Christian principles (as you said Jesus himself elevates the Decalogue, saying it's sin not just to commit adultery, but also to look with lust). This is compatible with what Jesus said in Matthew 15:11 "What goes into someone’s mouth does not defile them, but what comes out of their mouth, that is what defiles them.”. The CCC (Catechism of the Catholic Chruch), reads on the Decalogue, on the ninth commandment:

2514 St. John distinguishes three kinds of covetousness or concupiscence: lust of the flesh, lust of the eyes, and pride of life.300 In the Catholic catechetical tradition, the ninth commandment forbids carnal concupiscence; the tenth forbids coveting another's goods.

2515 Etymologically, "concupiscence" can refer to any intense form of human desire. Christian theology has given it a particular meaning: the movement of the sensitive appetite contrary to the operation of the human reason. the apostle St. Paul identifies it with the rebellion of the "flesh" against the "spirit."301 Concupiscence stems from the disobedience of the first sin. It unsettles man's moral faculties and, without being in itself an offense, inclines man to commit sins

You can read even more about this (and others) on the CCC, it's freely available here. Also my Source about the ninth commandment

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