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The ten tribes were lost after the Assyrian Captivity. Those who came back from the second captivity (the Babylonian Captivity) to re-build the temple in Jerusalem were of Judah.
They were Jewish.
Yes, Abraham was an Hebrew. But from the time of the second captivity, only Judah (Jews) were left in whom prophecy could be fulfilled.
Thence came Christ who is come, in respect of the flesh, of the tribe of Judah. That all prophecies might be fulfilled in Him.