Does the prophet Haggai imply that Zerubbabel could be the Messiah? (Haggai 2)
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No. He gives us another piece of the mosaic of the Messiah. I see the end of Haggai 2 as the official reversing of the curse of Jeconiah from Jeremiah 22 (particularly verses 24 & 30). The unofficial one is shown in 2 Kings 25:27-30 where Jehoiachin is described as second Joseph. That is why Matthew 1 includes both Jechonias and Zorobabel as ancestors of Jesus.
Yes, Zerubbabel was a type/shadow of the Messiah. He rebuilt the temple. Just like Jesus after him (John 2:19-21).
As for your comment: "I mean this in the sense of the Jewish messiah, who restores the throne of David, not the Christian sense, in which the messiah dies for the sins of mankind."
21 Speak to Zerubbabel, governor of Judah, saying, I will shake the heavens and the earth; 22 And I will overthrow the throne of kingdoms, and I will destroy the strength of the kingdoms of the heathen; and I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down, every one by the sword of his brother. 23 In that day, saith the LORD of hosts, will I take thee, O Zerubbabel, my servant, the son of Shealtiel, saith the LORD, and will make thee as a signet: for I have chosen thee, saith the LORD of hosts.
In those three verses, you have a nice blend of ideas taken from other prophets:
- the day of the LORD ("I will shake the heavens and the earth" from Joel 3),
- the second exodus (from death to everlasting life) ("I will overthrow the chariots, and those that ride in them; and the horses and their riders shall come down" from Exodus 15),
- victory against all odds given by God ("every one by the sword of his brother" from Judges 7) [the Messiah as a cake of barley (HaBikkurim) and the hidden light in a clay jug (incarnation) that is released after the vessel is broken],
- suffering servant ("my servant" from Isaiah 52&53).
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